气动力星座保持的闭环控制研究

本文研究了利用气动力进行星座保持的闭环控制问题。提出了一种改进的半全局指数收敛闭环控制律，对于指定的任意大的有界域，利用不变集定理论上证明了该控制律的稳定性和抗干扰性，又提出了双ε法以提高响应速度。     

基于传感器几何特性和图像特征的影像配准方法

“天绘一号”卫星是我国第一代传输型立体测绘卫星,搭载有三线阵CCD相机、多光谱相机和2m分辨率全色相机。多光谱相机波段间影像的配准是保证多光谱影像质量和有效应用的前提,在现有配准方法的基础上,文章提出了基于传感器几何特性和图像特征的配准方法来改善影像配准效果。这种方法首先基于相机几何特性对待配准图像进行调整,然后对图像进行局部多点取图,采用尺度不变特征变换（Scale Invariant Feature Transform,SIFT）法提取图像特征并进行初步匹配,利用匹配点领域灰度相关性来进行精匹配和误匹配点的剔除,最后获得图像位移差,进而完成图像配准。实验结果表明,这种方法能够提高多光谱波段间影像的配准成功率,准确率达到95％以上,大幅改善了匹配精度。     

低成本多小天体并行交会技术

小天体资源开发方兴未艾,为降低开发风险和成本,需要发射无人探测器交会观测多个待选目标小天体。传统多目标探测方案存在无法多次交会、成本高,周期长等不足。提出的低成本多小天体并行交会技术,能够对多小天体探测任务进行解耦,实现基于微纳飞行器的低成本多目标并行交会勘查,从而降低探测成本,缩短探测周期。该技术结合行星借力与不变流形机制构建了低能量星际转移方案。然后引入扰动流形思想,使微纳飞行器能够实现与目标小天体的快速交会。进一步,提出了一种多目标小天体探测全局搜索方法,该方法基于在日地halo轨道上停泊的微纳飞行器集群,逐次确定小天体探测目标,并利用上述方法完成了多微纳飞行器与多小天体的交会。数值仿真结果表明,该方案能够大幅度降低转移过程的燃料消耗,并缩短转移时间。     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

航空发动机离心式喷嘴宏观喷雾特性

为探究航空发动机离心式喷嘴的喷雾宏观特性,通过将该喷嘴在高温高压定容弹中进行喷雾过程的实验,并结合阴影法与纹影法进行光学测量。首先以水作为射流工质,观察不同喷射压力下水进入大气环境中的雾化角变化,发现喷嘴结构对雾化角有着重要影响,最大雾化角与喷嘴出口的导流结构夹角相等。其次以正癸烷作为工质,通过不同环境压力和温度下的多组实验测量其它喷雾宏观特性如液膜破碎长度,结果表明在背压大于1.75MPa的工况下,该离心式喷嘴无法形成清晰稳定的锥形喷雾结构,此外还揭示了高背压加强了气动力而高环境温度减小了表面张力和粘性力,两者都起着促进雾化的作用。     

基于光照模糊相似融合不变矩的航天器目标识别

针对航天器目标识别中现有的光照变化和图像模糊条件下几何仿射不变矩识别不稳健问题,根据灰度光照模型,结合图像模糊和不变矩的基本理论,提出了一种光照模糊不变量,与几何仿射不变矩进行融合,构建出一种新的光照模糊相似融合（CIBA）不变矩,并从理论上证明了光照、模糊和相似变换（平移、缩放和旋转）不变性。对3种不同的航天器目标的识别实验表明,光照模糊相似融合不变矩在最小距离分类器中的识别准确率达到了86.37%,比几何仿射不变矩提高了94.00%,比具有光照不变性的几何仿射不变矩提高了24.54%,有效地解决了对不同位姿、不同光照模糊条件下的航天器目标识别问题,提高了基于矩的目标识别鲁棒性。     

Influence of lunar topography on simulated surface temperature

The surface temperature of the Moon is one of the essential parameters for the lunar exploration, especially to evaluate the Moon thermophysical features. The distribution of the temperature is heavily influenced by the Moon topography, which, however, is rarely studied in the state-of-art surface temperature models. Therefore, this paper takes the Moon topography into account to improve the surface temperature model, Racca model. The main parameters, such as slopes along the longitude and latitude directions, are estimated with the topography data from Chang’E-1 satellite and the Horn algorithm. Then the effective solar illumination model is then constructed with the slopes and the relative position to the subsolar point. Finally, the temperature distribution over the Moon surface is obtained with the effective illumination model and the improved Racca model. The results indicate that the distribution of the temperature is very sensitive to the fluctuation of the Moon surface. The change of the surface temperature is up to 150 K in some places compared to the result without considering the topography. In addition, the variation of the surface temperature increases with the distance from the subsolar point and the elevation, along both latitude and longitude directions. Furthermore, the simulated surface temperature coincides well with the brightness temperature in 37 GHz observed by the microwave sounder onboard Chang’E-2 satellite. The corresponded emissivity map not only eliminates the influence of the topography, but also hints the inherent properties of the lunar regolith just below the surface. Last but not the least, the distribution of the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) in the lunar pole area is also evaluated with the simulated surface temperature result.     

控制点/控制点对最优能量解析的图像配准

 针对遥感图像配准中匹配同名点少、配准精度低等问题,提出了一种基于控制点/控制点对最优能量解析的图像配准方法。在控制点提取中,通过多尺度曲波变换,实现不同尺度下图像质量的灰关联分析和噪声抑制,并根据灰关联能量值,自动调整尺度不变特征变换配准参数,提高匹配同名点数量;为保证控制点选择的均匀性和准确性,创建了控制点对能量模型,采用马尔科夫蒙特卡洛优化算法实现分布、匹配能量最优的控制点筛选,提高了图像配准精度。实验结果表明,本方法对遥感图像匹配同名点少、控制点分布不均匀、图像配准精度低等问题有很大改善,具有较高的应用价值。     

月球南极着陆区关键特性分析

与月球中低纬度着陆区不同,月球南极地区地形地貌条件较为恶劣,太阳高度角低,对地可见与不可见周期较长,这些关键特性都对南极着陆探测任务提出了挑战。文章结合国内外已开展的研究工作,对南极地区的光照条件、对地可见、地形地貌等方面进行了分析和总结,得到了上述关键特性的规律。南极地区不存在永久光照区,但存在一些几百米尺度的4~9个月的准连续光照区,着陆器的光照条件与着陆器高度密切关联;南极地区光照条件和对地可见受地形影响较大;在50m基线情况下,备选着陆区域平均坡度比较平缓(0°~5°);着陆器尺度5m基线情况下,不同备选着陆区域平均坡度相差较大,最大平均坡度可以达到25°。根据上述分析,对我国开展月球南极探测的任务规划和探测器系统设计提出了建议,主要包括着陆区的选择及探测器主要功能组成等。